Stalking Online An Invasion of Privacy Essay Example

Stalking Online: An Invasion of Privacy Essay Stalking Online: An Invasion of Privacy BY ABACAS Stalking Online A Invasion of Privacy Privacy laws are applicable to everyone. Report Prepared for Assessment Legal Studies 2013 Introduction Australian Privacy Laws have been challenged to include the changing use of the internet that has seen a huge insurgence in the use of social media that facilitates a form of a stalking for users who are in reality advanced users of the internet with capabilities above the normal person knowledge in using the internet to Stalk or to Cyber Bully their victims causing sincere harm to a percentage of our community. We will write a custom essay sample on Stalking Online: An Invasion of Privacy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Stalking Online: An Invasion of Privacy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Stalking Online: An Invasion of Privacy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This report will show the many reasons we have to research, identify and change the way we deal with Stalking and Cyber Stalking and the increasing use of online scams that invade our privacy as well as the privacy of our children. Our research will ultimately allow us to lobby for the government to amend the Privacy ACT. The Privacy Act There has been a slow legal argument against cyber stalking and any progress towards a national approach to cyber stalking has been met with a lack of knowledge and understanding by : 1. Australian Police 2. Federal Police 3. Dept Communities(Docs,DISH) 4. Judiciousness,Prosecutors) 5. Legal (lawyers,Barristers,legal aid) 6. Community Support Groups Most computerized Stalking has caused the Australia Government to closely monitor the Privacy ACT (1988) to be able to make amendments to the Act that currently seem to be inadequate in protecting a community, that appears to know they are being criminally attacked but lack the ability to be able to control it through contacting the police or other government agents such as the Police, the Federal Police or other Government Agencies. Because the Privacy Law are very compelled it is unclear to he average Police Officer trained to protect a community through various forms of strategies to keep up with technology that changes daily. A good example would be that you have a couple hours spare in a day or night and you sign up to Backbone to share stories or communicate with your friends and family and because you are new to social networking you are advised to network with groups that interest you and a friend of a friend asks to Joins your network and you believe because you being security minded and dont want to expose yourself to anybody you check the person UT you are about to friend, as soon as you click connect that person you have be friend has downloaded every single picture from your photo albums because you neglected to make them private or you Just did not understand how to use the settings, within the hour of Joining your new friend has also obtained the names of your children your brothers and sisters and even the names of you best friends. You life proud of your life, you have never been involved with any crime or have been affected by crime that you have not even heard about because you cannot understand why anyone would want to steal your childrens pictures or contact your est. friend to tell them you are a bad parent, you know that you are being stalked but you are not sure what to do about it Your friends family and even strangers have witnessed that someone is stalking you and has been sent threats or undue attention being told you have been rude or abusive to attract the attention and you feel helpless and you approach the police with the appropriate paper work , the police will take a quick look and unless there are pornographic images or death threats will tell you to block this person from your friends list even though you know who it is here they live and their contact details, they send you away with taking no action, what the police have done is what the Stalker has predicted and then repeats the abuse agai n and again until you take the law into your own hands because the police are not interested , in reality they are not trained, they have better things to do, they may be advise you to take civil action but it can be proved that civil action is not going to stop a stalker or cyber bully because the crime being committed . Law Enforcement the First Step The Law Police officers are trained under become very confusing and unclear cause of consistent changing of technology then becomes UN reliable to police. Though we do have the ability to interpolate remedy we still have yet to change the Privacy Act surrounding internet Stalking and Cyber Bullying. Police Nationally approach any kind of Internet Stalking with skepticism due to not really knowing if a crime has been committed and rather approach the crime with a warning rather than with an investigation, despite a national call to increase a action to internet crimes little has been advanced to protect families. Stalking was first legislated against in Australia in the mid-asses. While much previous research has investigated the psychological characteristics of offenders, and the impact of stalking upon victims, relatively little research has examined police and court practices in dealing with thisnew crime (Dry Emma Gillie 2000) The Act: What Needs Changing (Middleton Brock, 2013) l lost my home, I lost my identity and had to have my name changed. Nanette told viewers to the BBC Insight programmer when she openly told of her desperate attempts to have the police investigate a man that was stalking her. Privacy Laws do need to be reviewed and government agencies like the police do need to be trained in how to apply them to crimes like Stalking or online Cyber Bullying. Appropriately when a mother or Father observes a stranger observing their daughter or son on a social network internet site and sending threatening or abusive messages you would assume that it would be a crime and that the police being the first point of contact would act for the safety of the child, it is a common believed thought process that there is a danger we are told that the person could be grooming our children contact the Police. Unfortunately Police are neither trained or are they allowed to investigate the thousands of complaints reported daily that has seen parents believe they are being ignored by a crime that is dangerous on the outset and more than likely the first crime ever to affect their inner family boundaries, and a father must protect the family at all costs despite the negative deter the danger away from the family. The Failure of a investigation has seen the online stalking / Cyber Bullying crimes exacerbated into a more serious crimes where parents have taken the Law into their own hands, a good example of this was the cent Logan Racial war where Logan City Police did not investigate the crime of a brick being thrown through a car window and the residents feared for their safety took the law into their own hands. The same aspect of fear is causing select members of our community to become victims or a lack of policing and a lack of community support simply because we do not know how to address online stalking and Cyber Bullying or online Scams. (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2011) In 2010-11, 6. 2 million households had broadband internet access, according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). This statistic is a guide only and a indicator that every day more Australians become communicative on the internet and use social networking websites to: 1. Communicate with Family 2. View News Currents Affairs 3. Homework 4. Research 5. Make New Friends 6. Pay Bills 7. Shopping These are Just a small example of how anybody in our community could use the internet to communicate that offers a feedback and that is where a difference of opinion or a direct way that a internet user can be picked out by an experienced online cyber bully who acts only to cause harm and fear within a environment of Cyber Space or to confuse a victim into handing over money. Every day in Every City of Australia including small country towns a Judge is faced with a civil action where the complaint was made on a social networking internet site such as Backbone or You Tube. Mostly every complaint was ignored by the Police except to deliver the summons to appear in the Magistrates Court, It costs Just $90. 00 to bring an action in the Magistrates Court but in reality it costs about $2000 or more per attendance to address an issue that usually was caused by an experienced internet user that has seed the court system in a civil way to Justify their stalking or cyber bullying, increasingly most online social networking criminals suffer a serious mental illness and rely on a disability pension to support their day to day activities . Even though a cyber bully may have had hundreds of criminal complaints made against them police do not act because their training is insufficient and untested, even some police are affected by Cyber Bullying and can do little to stop the threats Australians Can Stop Stalking and Cyber Bullying With the correct lobbying and awareness strategies a community can focus on the robber of what internet Stalking is, what Cyber Bullying, is and to ensure all Police and Government Agencies are trained as part of their induction into being a Police Officer to identify online Stalking and the related Crimes, to treat Cyber Crime as a serious crime, to offer support services as well as remedy be it by investigating the crime or referring it to the appropriate investigative agency. (Laptop. Smartened. Tablet, 2013) In order to use many online services like Google, of that service. But how many times have you actually read these terms and conditions and do you really know what you are agreeing to? When We care Enough we will Change the LaW'(Pete Geary. 013) lobby a community to change the Law and the Law will be changed, Australians have been busy learning how to use the internet and to learn ways they can best utilities the internet into their everyday lives and internet security is a subject most Australian Households would be very keen to act upon , keeping up is an effort and understanding the technology makes it difficult to make a positive arrangement in how they will use the internet and what precautions they may take to understand their security and how they are meant to be used, sadly e dont yet have community services that can sit beside us and tell us if we are doing the right processes needing to keep us or our family safe but we can be assure that soon there will be virtual security guards protecting us from the criminals ready to destroy our bonds, our safety and our feeling of well being. The very same attitude is related to our Laws as we do not have a confident Law in place that provides us with protection from Cyber Bullys/ Stalkers, Cameras and more, You cannot safely post pictures to your family social networking site without any photographed or scammed from retrieving it to put to their own use. To change the law we need to lobby our concerns to our political representative who shall carry our concerns to the law makers, who will promote the research needed to remedy ways we can train and retrain law enforcement and community support groups to deal with the after affects of online stalking cyber bullying and or infringements such as slander defamation and trademark copy write infringements The crime is Stalking, Cyber Bullying a data base can be set up to identify serial complaints from a national Data base, including a international data base which can be accessed by Police by a simple internet search and if the offender is known to police then a investigation should take place to ensure that the complainant is taken seriously and that their fear is dealt with, the serial stalker must be identified and charged to bring it to the attention of law enforcement and community support groups, Legal Aid should be available to cases where stalking and cyber bullying has affected a persons ability to represent themselves in situations where stalking and cyber bullying has caused civil action due to the non-investigations of crimes that were committed .

Racial Disparities in Healthca essays

Racial Disparities in Healthca essays Minorities suffer disproportionately from health disparities and disparities in health care received. The impact of these disparities becomes even more profound when the projected growth of the population of Americans who are minorities are taken into account. African-Americans for example continue to have the highest rates of mortality from heart disease, cancer, cerebrovascular disease and HIV/AIDS than any other U.S. racial or ethnic group. American Indians disproportionately die from diabetes, liver disease and cirrhosis, and unintentional injuries. Hispanic Americans are almost twice as likely as non-Hispanic whites to die from diabetes. In addition, some Asian-American subpopulations experience rates of stomach, liver and cervical cancers that are well above the national averages (Collins, Hall, Differences in access to healthcare play a role in these disparities. Hispanics, Asian Americans, American Indians and African-Americans are less likely than whites to have health insurance, have more difficulty getting healthcare, and have fewer choices in where to receive care. Hispanic and African-American patients are also more likely to receive care in hospital emergency rooms, and are less likely than whites to have regular primary care providers (Collins, Hall, National data reveal that over the past fifty years, the health of both minorities and white persons has improved in the United States as evidenced by increases in life expectancy and declines in mortality (National Center for Health Statistics, 2000.) Despite steady improvement in the overall health of the U.S. population, ra...

Time Value of Money Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Time Value of Money - Essay Example Therefore, to make a certain investment, the opportunity costs should be low (David, 1984). Time value of money shares a direct relationship with the prevailing interests in a market. As the interest rates rise, the value of a dollar today will rise accordingly. When the interest rates follow the decreasing pattern, the value of money also sees a down sliding. This is because the interest rates play a very important part in determining the future value of a lump sum or the present value of a future lump sum; it is dependent on the interest rate. Therefore, they are directly related to each other. There are many other aspects which are related to the time value of money. The future value of an amount of money can also be calculated keeping in mind the time value of money. Making it simpler, the future value of a dollar is the dollar or any other amount that it earns with the help of an interest over a period of time (David, 1984). For example, if $1000 are invested today for an year at 5% interest rate, after an year it will give us $50 dollars and the total received would be $1050. However, if the same amount is invested in the long run for years, compounding will take place and at the end of second year, the interest will be earned on $105. This compounding will go on for the number of years the investment is made. If P is considered the principle amount of money that is invested, i is termed as the interest rate at that time, then the future value of a dollar would be given as P(1+i). When compounding for two years, the equation changes to P(1+i)(1+i) or, FV=P (1+i)n Where P is the principal amount, i is the interest rate and n is the periods for which the investment is made. With increasing interest rates, the future value also keep on increasing. With changing interest rates, the above formula would be applied separately for the different rates. Present Value The present value of a future investment can also be calculated keeping in mind the time value of money. The present value of a future investment is the current value of that payment that is to be received in the future. Discounting is the process that is employed in this case. This is the opposite of finding the future value of a present sum (Gary, 1978). Simply, it is calculated by dividing the future value with the same interest factor which was multiplied in the first case. PV=FV/(1+i)n Where FV is the future value, PV denotes present value, and (1+i)n is the interest factor. In finding out the present value, discounting is being done, therefore, this concept shares and inverse relationship with the time value of money. As the interest factor that determines the time value of money is divided, the value of the present value decreases resulting in the inverse relationship. Opportunity Costs Opportunity costs are the benefits that a person is giving away in spending the money in a certain kind of way. In other words, it is the benefit lost in choosing one alternative over another alternative. For this to be true, the opportunity costs should be really low for an alternative to be chosen. Higher the opportunity costs, lesser are the chances that the alternative may be chosen by a risk aversive personality. It can be termed as the basic relationship that exists between shortage and selection. Rule of '72 Rule of '72 is a simple mathematical shortcut that is used in finance in order to find out when

Review the book named middlemarch Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Review the book named middlemarch - Essay Example It constantly ran through Dorothea’s mind what the reaction of her husband would be if she did not accept his request (Eliot 678). According to Dorothea, a wife should be there to fulfill the wishes of her husband. Even though, her husband seemed to be selfish, Dorothea considered that the requirements of her husband were much more important than hers. Part 2 Being caught in such a situation is extremely tough to imagine. Speaking from a neutral point of view, every human is selfish to their well being first, and, for this reason, I think only a few people would consider carrying on with a dead person’s work. Therefore, if I was in Dorothea’s shoe, I would decline carrying one with Mr. Casaubon’s work because it certainly does not interest me. Before I make any decision, I only consider how it will affect me and the parties involved. Considering that Mr. Casaubon likes his work a lot, and Dorothea, in contrast, was not so much interested in the work, it wo uld simply be better to let it go. If I force myself into carrying on with the work, then I might end up messing it up since it is not what I am proud of doing. Step 2 The procedure that Dorothea would follow if she were to use Kant’s First Formulation theory would be to first find her husband’s motive or what is behind his motivation (Kant 437). For instance, she should ask herself why the husband wants her to carry on with his work yet he knows that she is not fully interested with the job. Secondly, Dorothea should picture an environment, which everybody is in such a situation. This would be much easier since not a majority of people would consider doing something they do not like. Thirdly, Dorothea should examine whether there would be any irrationality or contradictions in the environment she pictured the situation. It would be much easier to come up with the right decision when she knows whether or not her decision would affect others positively or negatively (Ka nt 437). Fourthly, if an irrationality of contradiction comes up, then performing towards the husband’s wishes is not permitted in the real world. Finally, if there is no irrationality of contradiction, then performing towards the husband’s wishes is allowed and needed. Probably, Dorothea would decline her husband’s wishes if she were to use the above described theory since it considers the individual self first then others. Step 3 The second formulation or, at times referred to as the Formula of the End in Itself, asserts that a rational human being should serve in every maxim as the state confining all simply relative and random ends. This is due to the nature of the state and also the end itself (Kant 450). The principle dictates that a person acts with reference to each and every rational human being so that it is an end in itself in the actor’s maxim. This means that the rational being is the grounds of all maxims of action. Therefore, they should ne ver be treated as only means, but as the supreme restricting circumstance in use in each and every situation (Kant 452). This means that human beings should be regarded as the ends at all times. With this in mind, it would be vital for Mr. Casaubon also to consider the consequences of his wishes before pleading with her to fulfill his wishes. If Mr. Casaubon truly thought of what his wife liked, then he could have known that his wife was not so much interested in his readings and especially carrying on with his work once he died. Step 4 Dorothea’s steps led her to agreeing to her husband’

Daily Life in Ancient Rome Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Daily Life in Ancient Rome - Research Paper Example According to John R. Clarke in his book â€Å"Roman Life,† (S)o much of what we know comes from classical literature, written by elite men. Naturally, the texts give the mindset of the upper classes of Roman society. There's not a single woman writer, nor are there any literary texts written by slaves, former slaves, or freeborn workers.1 It wasn’t until the Fifth Century BC that Romans were divided into classes during the census for the purpose of determining eligibility for military service.2 The lowest classes were slaves seized during conquest and just above them the proletariat or proletarii, the landless and unemployed poor who could not afford military equipment. Proletarii were not considered Roman citizens because of their landless status and thus could not vote or serve in the military. It wasn’t until 212 AD that all free men were counted as citizens, but not women or slaves. The Marian Reforms after 107 BC provided that the proletariat and freed slave s could serve in the military with equipment provided by the state.3 This was mostly out of need, since the ranks of the military, typically drawn from landowners and merchant classes, were stretched thin by foreign wars. Marius changed the structure of the military in revolutionary ways, discarding the Greek-influenced fighting cohort and strategy.4 Marius further granted Roman citizenship to all who served in the military.5 As landless poor, the proletariat class had nothing to return to after a military campaign and often remained in the military as career soldiers for many years. Some became wealthy owing to the spoils of war. Reforms affecting the lower classes were also proposed by the Gracchus brothers, Tiberius and Gaius, between 133-126 BC.6 Their proposed agrarian reforms would give the plebian masses a small parcel of land to work and make them eligible for military service. They were responding to the threat of an uprising among the landless poor who thronged to Rome as slaves now did the work they had once performed and they were thus unemployed with no means of earning a living.7 Where the older brother, Tiberius, failed, the younger brother, Gaius, succeeded. Unfortunately, Gaius was a bit too liberal in his intent to give citizenship to all Italians and the Senate put him down. As the mobs of plebians revolted, over 3000 were executed and Gaius had a slave kill him. The condition of the proletarian plebes hadn’t changed much by the time of Roman satirist Juvenal (55-127 AD). He opined that the masses looked to just two things, bread and circuses.8 This referred to the free grain and the many games and holidays provided by the elites in government to keep the unemployed masses of Rome from rising up and to guarantee their loyalty to their patrons.9 Since most unemployed plebians were illiterate and often uninformed on the issues, they usually sold their vote to the candidate offering the most to them.10 Thus the legislative assembly of th e Plebian Council lost much of its populist power and the masses resorted to occasional mobs and violent uprisings to make their voices heard. There were essentially only two political parties. The populares, or people’s party, and the optimates, or senatorial party.11 The populares were for the distribution of land and cancellation of debt. The

Hippotherapy and Cerebral Palsy

Hippotherapy and Cerebral Palsy Intervention Analysis Background Jane Walters is a five year old girl and has a diagnosis of left sided spastic hemiplegia, a form of Cerebral Palsy. Jane has two older sisters who attend horse riding lessons at their local stables. Jane has recently expressed an interest in joining them to her parents. However her parents are worried that because of her diagnosis she will not be able to keep up with her siblings. However Jane is very independent child and she doesnt believe that she is any different from other children of her age. Diagnosis Cerebral Palsy (CP) refers to non-progressive conditions characterised by impaired voluntary movement or posture, and resulting from prenatal developmental malformations or postnatal CNS damage (Reed, 2013, pp. 38-47). According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (2008), it is highly likely that a child with CP will have other medical disorders such as; cognitive impairments, seizures, delayed growth and development. Spastic syndromes such as Jane’s occur in more than 70 percent of CP cases. Spastic hemiplegia is a type of CP that typically affects the arm and hand on one side of the body, but can also include the leg. . The spasticity creates a state of resistance against any range of motion, this resistance ultimately increases with increasing speed of that movement (Reed, 2013, pp. 38-47). Children with spastic hemiplegia will generally walk later and on tiptoe because of high heel tendons. Often the arm and leg on the child’s affected side are shorter and thinner (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke 2008). Impact of Right Hemisphere Brain Damage The primary cause of CP is damage to white matter of the brain this is often caused by abnormal brain development, a bleed on the brain, or brain damage caused by a lack of oxygen in the brain, generally caused by a difficult birth. Jane has left sided spastic hemiplegia, indicating that damage to the brain has occurred on the right hemisphere. It was felt important to consider additional complications related to right sided brain damage to ensure we are aware of Ellie’s level of functioning physically, cognitively and behaviourally. Those that may relate to Ellie’s case are listed below, however, it is important to recognise that each case must be treated individually; the symptoms and severity will vary for each individual. Attention Difficulty concentrating on a task or focusing on what is said or seen. Perception Visual perception deficits causing a person to have difficulty perceiving and processing any information on the left visual field (left-sided neglect). For example, individuals with right hemisphere damage may have difficulty with reading words on the left side of a page, eating food on the left side of their plate, or acknowledging the left side of their body Reasoning and problem solving: Difficulty identifying that there is a problem and generating solutions. Memory: Difficulty recalling previously learned information and learning new information. Social communication Difficulty interpreting abstract language such as metaphors, making inferences, and understanding jokes; and problems understanding nonverbal cues and following the rules of communication Organisation: Difficulty with systematically arranging information and planning, which is often reflected in communication difficulties, such as trouble telling a story with events in the right order, maintaining a topic during conversation. Insight Difficulty recognizing problems and the impact on daily functioning. Orientation: Difficulty recalling the date, time, or place. The individual may also be disoriented to self (ASHA 2014). Medical Considerations for Therapeutic Riding People with cerebral palsy have difficulty coordinating and producing purposeful, functional movements. Some people have too much muscle tone, such as those with spasticity. Their muscles hold their limbs in rather stiff postures and it is difficult to relax these muscles. Thus, the rider cannot move his limbs easily except in the direction the spastic muscles pull. Other types of tone abnormalities include fluctuating tone, as seen in athetoid cerebral palsy and hypotonia, or too little tone. Tone is an elusive thing to quantify. Using treatment techniques to temporarily make tone more normal does not suddenly result in normal, coordinated movement patterns. In fact, increased tone may be the result of pathologic weaknesses in other muscle groups coupled with the normal human desire to move. Muscle fibers are known to change over time, resulting in increasing, age-related difficulty in maintaining posture. It may be true that abnormal tone, especially spasticity, is an abnormal response to normal sensation, such as touch and movement sensation. Orthopedic problems occur in people with cerebral palsy, perhaps partly because of the interaction of the abnormal neurologic system with the muscles, joints and soft tissues. The abnormal, usually asymmetrical pull of spastic muscles coupled with lack of normal movement and weightbearing can result in progressive scoliosis and dislocating hips. Other joints, such as wrists, elbows, knees and ankles, can lose flexibility and range of motion. Despite these factors, the rhythmic motion, shape, warmth and inherently motivating quality of the horse can be helpful to people with cerebral palsy throughout their lives. Therapeutic riding can facilitate cognitive and sensorimotor development in childhood, help develop a sense of responsibility, self-confidence and fair play in adolescence and provide life-long recreation and sport. It can do all this while stimulating the good posture, balance and flexibility needed for functional independence off the horse. Riding works best for maintaining range of motion and joint flexibility if a well-aligned, correct posture on the horse is always a goal. There is no substitute for a horse with good, symmetric movement. Many riders with cerebral palsy can achieve normal balance, posture and movement on a horse if the instructor takes a long, slow approach, focusing on posture and alignment. These are not therapy goals. Good posture, hands-free balance and a following seat are prerequisites to riding with ease and comfort for the rider and the horse. Riding sessions for people with cerebral palsy should never result in increased tone and discomfort. Ask the rider (family member or personal care assistant) how he feels after the session, when hes at home. Are the muscles relaxed or tight? If spasticity is worse after the session, decrease the amount of stimulation. Focus on less impulsion, more stretching and relaxation, more straight-line work and fewer circles. Use a horse with a wider base and a smoother walk. Offer an opportunity to sit and rest after dismounting. Try a saddle with a suede or synthetic cover so the riders seat and legs will stick to the saddle better, which will increase his stability and decrease stress. Recent articles by Ruth DismukeBlakely, SLP/CCC, in AHA News and NARHA News, indicate that the movement of the horse in hippotherapy sessions can increase the quantity, quality and volume of vocalization in the rider. For children with cerebral palsy, the horse is a wonderful motivation for speech, while the horses movement can improve the coordination of breathing, swallowing and sound production. The horse naturally motivates children with cerebral palsy to move, explore and touch. Using the horse as a large, gentle, rhytiunic and predictably moving gross-motor platform, where the child is invited and assisted to explore, can be even more useful than learning to ride. Instructors can encourage movement and hopefully disconnect it from the fear of failure. The result is self-confidence and courage on and off the horse. The rider with cerebral palsy benefits from advance preparation in many areas. Stretching before getting on the horse, as recommended by a physical therapist, can reduce the warm-up time on the horse. When practicing walk-halt transitions, the instructor or therapist can use: Prepare to walk, Prepare to halt, Get ready to whoa. These preparatory phrases allow the rider to prepare or set the posture needed to accomplish the task. If the rider has decreased or asymmetric range of motion at the hips and knees, select the horse that accommodates the problem so the rider can sit easily in good alignment without being pulled to one side. If the hip is partially dislocated (subluxed), the type of horse is essential. The lack of range of motion, spasticity, the horses natural shape and movement can all potentially worsen the subluxation. In general, the rider with cerebral palsy who has orthopedic problems at the hips or spine may benefit greatly from consultation with a physical therapist who can assist the instructor in creating an appropriate riding program. -Liz Baker, PT, NARHA Medical Commitfee Chairman http://www.cpparent.org/hippotherapy/articles/cp.htm Bissell, C. 2015. Cerebral Palsy and Therapeutic Riding [Online]. Available at: http://www.cpparent.org/hippotherapy/articles/cp.htm [Accessed: 29 April 2015]. Hippotherapy Hippotherapy is a form of physical, occupational and speech therapy that uses equine (horse) movement to develop and enhance neurological and physical functioning by channelling the movement of the horse. Hippotherapy is built on the concept that the individual’s neuromuscular development is enhanced when their body makes adjustments to the gait, tempo, rhythm, repetition and cadence of a horse’s movement. What is hippotherapy? In today’s world, children with cerebral palsy often benefit from several traditional treatments and therapies designed to greatly enhance his or her abilities, and by extension, his or her quality of life. Some therapies – such as physical therapy – are commonly deployed for those with mobility and function impairment. But others, like equine therapy – also known as hippotherapy – take an unconventional path in the effort to increase a child’s physical strength and cognitive capabilities. Based on the concept that humans with physical challenges can benefit from both learned and spontaneous reactions while riding a horse, hippotherapy was conceived in the 1960s and used primarily in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland as a companion to more established treatments. Hippotherapy was recognized in the United States in the 1980s as a therapy that not only helps patients with neuromuscular dysfunction increase physical strength and cognitive ability, but also offers the individual a chance to take advantage of an enjoyable activity that contributes to a positive therapeutic experience. Hippotherapy is a form of physical, occupational and speech therapy that uses equine movement to develop and enhance neurological and physical functioning by channeling the movement of the horse. Hippotherapy is not to be confused with therapeutic horseback riding, in which individuals are taught specific riding skills. Hippotherapy is built on the concept that the individual and variable gait, tempo, rhythm, repetition and cadence of a horse’s movement can influence human neuromuscular development in humans. Horseback riding triggers a series of complex physical and mental reactions; such as making physical adjustments to maintain proper alignment on the horse. Riders must also plan movements to maintain balance on the horse, and be able to interact with the animal. Hippotherapy, through equine movement, works by further developing physical and cognitive abilities, including: Strength Control Balance Posture Endurance Coordination Sensory integration Understanding of visual cues What are the benefits of hippotherapy? Hippotherapy can help children with cerebral palsy on several fronts. Interacting with the animal can lift a child’s spirits emotionally and psychologically while also providing valuable physical exercise as the child learns how to ride the horse properly. A horse’s gait has three-dimensional movement—equine movement–similar to a human that helps a child plan physical responses to the horse’s movement. Horeseback riding requires subtle adjustments and positioning to maintain proper balance and posture. Physical benefits include: Improved gross motor skills Trunk core strength Control of extremities Improved postural symmetry Reduced abnormal muscle tone Respiratory control Cognitive benefits include: Improved attention Visual coordination Sensory input Tactile response Improved timing and grading of responses Improved ability to express thoughts, needs Psychological benefits include: Enjoyable interactions with the animal Opportunities for social interaction Improved self-esteem When is hippotherapy advised? There is no specific age, or point in a child’s therapy, that dictates when or if a child would benefit from hippotherapy. Children as young as two years old, and teens, have benefitted significantly from hippotherapy. The decision to employ hippotherapy will be based on several factors, including whether a child’s specific physical and cognitive challenges could be improved by this therapy, and whether mitigating physical and cognitive conditions exist that would preclude a child’s interaction with a horse. Because it is not likely to be among a child’s core therapies, hippotherapy is unlikely to be covered by many medical insurance plans. How is hippotherapy performed? A successful hippotherapy program incorporates the multi-dimensional movement of a horse with that of a human. The therapist will likely begin any course of treatment with an assessment of the child’s physical, cognitive and psychological abilities to gage whether hippotherapy is appropriate for a child, and what accommodations should be made if a child cannot sit on the horse in a conventional manner. Once a therapist has determined that hippotherapy is appropriate for a child, he or she will explain how sessions will unfold. Additionally, a child and his or her parents will also be given detailed instructions regarding how to physically interact with the horse, including: How to safely mount and dismount a horse How to utilize equipment, such as saddles What to expect regarding the horse movement After a child mounts the horse, it is the therapist’s job to strictly monitor and control the horse while the child is riding horseback. The therapist will walk alongside the horse to direct equine movement and modify movement in a way that is safe for the child. As the therapist monitors the horse, he or she is also monitoring the child to watch for changing physical reactions such as balance, control, strength and range of motion skills. Changes in physical reactions from the child are considered positive because when a child responds naturally to shifts in gait from the horse, it not only builds physical strength, but also vital connectivity in the brain. Because hippotherapy is practiced by physical, occupational and speech and language therapists, activities and goals in therapy may vary. Physical therapists tend to focus on improving gross motor skills, balance, and strength; occupational therapists focus on sensory processing, vestibular and proprioceptive issues, and speech therapists focus on communication Therapists will monitor the progress of a child, and make modifications to the child’s plan of treatment as needed. Where is hippotherapy performed? Hippotherapy generally takes place at specialized institutions, generally in a horse-farm setting. Because the children will eventually ride the horses, and they are encouraged to interact with the animals, special attention is paid to ensuring the environment is stress-free, friendly, and supportive for children and their families. Some programs are dedicated entirely to providing hippotherapy programs all year to the exclusion of other activities, and others will have occasional or seasonal programming during certain times of the year. Regionally, it can be challenging to find nearby programs because many horse farms are located in rural communities. Who provides hippotherapy? Those who practice hippotherapy are most often physical, occupational or speech and language therapists, and have met the rigorous educational and certification requirements to practice within those disciplines. See physical therapist, occupational therapist, and speech and language pathologists. In some cases, a hippotherapy practitioner may work closely with a professional horse trainer. The American Hippotherapy Association offers a multi-level educational program that aims to educate aspiring practitioners with a foundation of knowledge regarding how to work with both patients and horses. Certification in hippotherapy is open to physical, occupational and speech therapists that have practiced for three years in their field, and 100 hours of hippotherapy, through the AHA. Hippotherapy Clinical Specialty Certification can be obtained after the applicant sits for the HPCS examination. More information can be obtained at the AHA’s website, which also includes a list of hippotherapy educators and certified practitioners. The AHA’s educational and certification program addresses several concepts, including: Physical attributes of the horse Tacking and untacking of the horse Natural gait of the horse Unsoundness of horse movement Links between horse and human movement Emergency procedures and safety practices Selecting appropriate exercises Treatment plan effectiveness Creating quality and beneficial movements Relationship between treatment and functional outcomes HPCS certification is valid for five years; practitioners must then undergo a re-certification process. During this process, applicants must either retake the HPCS examination, or provide written evidence of 120 hours in additional coursework. Fifty percent of the work must be hippotherapy-based, 25 percent must be related to hippotherapy, and 25 percent must be related to the applicant’s professional discipline. Hippotherapy practitioners, depending on their professions, may utilize equine movement in different ways. Physical therapists may focus on cultivating strength ad balance in large muscles of the core, legs and arms; occupational therapists may focus on fine motor skills, cognitive functioning and sensory integration as it relates to everyday activities; and speech pathologists may focus on communication strategies that support speech and language, signing or other modes of communication. http://cerebralpalsy.org/about-cerebral-palsy/treatment/therapy/hippotherapy/ CerebralPalsy.org, 2015. Hippotherapy and Cerebral Palsy | Horse | CerebralPalsy.org [Online]. Available at: http://cerebralpalsy.org/about-cerebral-palsy/treatment/therapy/hippotherapy/ [Accessed: 29 April 2015].

My Mother’s First Tattoo :: Personal Narrative Writing

My Mother’s First Tattoo My mother and I have never got along particularly well. Our relationship was "you leave me alone and I'll you alone." When I first took an interest in modification, around the age of 14, she hated it. It was the source of countless fights, insults, and incidents that nearly led to me being kicked out of her house. She saw it as something I was doing out of peer pressure, which was absurd, as at the time none of my friends had any interest in modification. I didn't even know anyone, online or offline, who had any piercings other than their ears. To her, this was nothing more than a phase I'd eventually grow out of. She argued that I was ruining my life, that I'd never get a job, that my visible piercings would get me into fights at school, the list goes on and on. My father, though he never said much about it to me, felt the same way she did. Somewhere along the line, something changed. When my 18th birthday rolled around, I was in college, living 17 hours away from my parents. My father called me one day and asked what I wanted for my birthday. I said I wanted a tattoo, expecting him to hang up on me. To my amazement, he said OK. So, when I was visiting for Christmas, my father paid for my first tattoo. My favourite birthday present thus far as it represents so many things. It was then that I found out my mother had always wanted a tattoo. More specifically, she had always wanted a facial tattoo; a tiny butterfly tattoo close to one eye. As my father had threatened to divorce her if she ever got it, it was unfortunately something she never pursued. She was outraged that my father deemed it OK for me to have one. This led to many more fights. Eventually, I had moved back into my parents house. After being back for about six months, my mother approached me and said she wanted to get a tattoo, regardless of how my father would react. I helped her pick out an image and took her to the studio to set up an appointment. A few days after she got her tattoo she approached me again. This time saying she wanted to get her eyebrow pierced. All the memories of the things she had said when I had my eyebrow pierced came flooding back.

Importance Of Chemistry Essay

Our entire universe is made up of matter which is constantly changing forms and evolving into other forms of energy. We use chemistry from the beginning of the day till its end, the toothpaste we use to brush our teeth is made of abrasives, fluoride, and detergents. These common household items contain batteries, which make them very chemically dependent. The purification our water by process of chlorination, dental cleanliness from toothpaste, sterilization, the control and the cure of disease are all a part of daily living discovered and created by chemistry. These discoveries make up a major component for the protection of our health and hygiene and are vital for the future existence of mankind. Chemistry is the branch of science that deals with the identification of the substances of which matter is composed, of their properties and the ways in which they interact, combine, and change. The use of these processes to form new substances, understanding the importance of chemistry is essential to know the importance of chemistry in everyday life. Everything on earth is made up of chemicals you, your food, and the products you use in life such as soaps, perfumes etc. all are made up of chemicals. Life without chemicals is impossible. A number of changes that you observe are the result of chemical reactions like the rain, the change in the color of leaves, cleaning of any particular material in your house, all involve chemicals. You need to understand certain chemical reactions. When does your packet food expire? What disinfectants and repellents you should use to keep your house hygienic and healthy and so on. A guest (Jonathan Liu) stated â€Å"I never knew that chemistry is applied to so many things in everyday life! I knew that there would be a lot of math involved and just thought that we would be studying science more in depth. Now that I’ve read this, I am more interested in studying chemistry at school†. Chemistry is important because it helps in exploring things which are unknown to mankind. Chemistry is important because it explains the future behavior of plants and animals and all of us use chemicals directly or indirectly in our daily lives. We are us ing chemistry when we cook, when we wash, when we eat, when we get ready, when we play, when we think, as a  matter of fact, we always use chemistry. Increasing the knowledge in chemistry is important if we want to improve our lifestyle on the daily. Chemistry is also important for the environment. When you are aware of the harming effects of the gases like carbon dioxide and methane as a result of the greenhouse effect, you can easily carve out solutions for the reduction of effects on the environment. If you go with a minimum knowledge of the importance use of chemistry you can help in saving the environment to a large extent. Though chemistry is thought as complicated and a boring science subject, chemistry is responsible in explaining the world you live in, apart from explaining cooking, cleaning, medicine and environment issues; chemistry is in essence the study of everything. Understanding the basic chemistry is essential for all, but specializing in chemistry, making a career out of the subject is also interesting. Plenty of chemistry related high paying jobs are available today. All the medical students, physicists, geologists, nutritionists study chemistry. That the importance of chemistry will increase day by day and it is essential to understand the basic chemistry to properly conduct the activities of the daily life.

Manufacturing gold jewellery Essay Example

Manufacturing gold jewellery Essay Example Manufacturing gold jewellery Essay Manufacturing gold jewellery Essay The states rich tradition of manufacturing gold jewellery dates back to several centuries. Some of the popular traditional Assamese jewellery include earrings with exquisite Lokaparo, Keru, Thuriya, Jangphai, Long Keru, Sona or Makori; an array of necklaces including Golpata, Satsori, Jon biri, Bena, Gejera, Dhol biri, Doog doogi, Biri Moni, Mukuta Moni, Poalmoni, Silikha Moni and Magardana, and diversified rings including Senpata, Horinsakua, Jethinejia, bakharpata and others.Some designs are exclusively found in this region only. The jewellery is typically hand-made, and the designs mostly depict floral and faunal treasures of the region. Traditional designs of Assamese jewelleries are simple but decorated with vibrant red gemstone, ruby or mina. Black, red and green colours on gold jewellries are most favourites among the buyers; these colours also dominate the traditional dresses of tribes and communities of the northeastern states.Some designs of traditional Assamese ornaments are directly derived from the elements of tribal culture. These designs and motifs sometimes have found space in these ornaments directly, and sometimes by blending. The Jangphai Keru and Gamkharu for example, were originally tribal ornaments. Lokaparo, which is an ornament with two sets of twin pigeons placed back to back in gold, mina or ruby was originally worn by high profile male dignitaries of the royal Ahom dynasty.Gamkharu, a pair of gold bangle, originally used by male only, now has formed an essential ornament of the Bihu d ance costume of girls. References to traditional Assamese ornaments date back to the time of Mahabharata at least. During the seventh century, Bhaskarvarma, the King of Barman dynasty of Kamrupa or ancient assam, had sent a handsome quantity of Assamese ornaments along with other valuable gifts to king Harsavardhana, the great Indian emperor.Bhaskarvarma inherited some of these ornaments from his predecessor Bhagadatta, who fought on the plains at Kurukshetra. The manufacture of gold ornaments, as well as gold-washing flourished in medieval Assam during the reign of the Ahom dynasty. Gold dust was abundantly found in the sands of different rivers of the state, but mainly from the river Subansiri, one of the major tributaries of the Brahmaputra. During the rule of the Ahom Kings, gold-washing on the banks of the Subansiri (meaning: flow of gold) was a major profession of the Sonowal Kacharis.Jorhat and Sonari in Upper Assam, Nagaon in central Assam and Barpeta in lower Assam have bee n major hubs of manufacturing of Assamese jewelleries throughout the centuries. The jewellers are called sonari in Assamese language. Their technique of making jewellery bears resemblances to the traditions of South East Asia, much more than to other nearby parts of India itself. There are also similarities with the Kundan jewellery art of rajasthan. During 1853, there were four gold-washing mahals in the state.

The Complete Guide on How to Write an Engineering Research Paper

The Complete Guide on How to Write an Engineering Research Paper Need to write a research paper on Engineering? First of all, it is necessary to get the considerable knowledge of the engineering discipline. Remember that the specific activity like research paper writing is aimed at obtaining new theoretical and practical knowledge of some principles according to which the nature exist, the society lives, and the way of thinking develops. In its turn, the research work on Engineering is characterized by such essential features: The presence of systematic knowledge (scientific ideas, theories, concepts, laws, patterns, principles, hypotheses, basic concepts, facts); The existence of a scientific problem, object, and subject of the research; The practical significance of the phenomenon (process) being studied. This is a quite challenging task to write a research paper that can be simplified after following some simple recommendations. This ‘how-to’ guide gives you some constructive ideas on: How to get started with the writing process; How to structure a detailed outline for a research paper with the required content of each part; How to use a formatting style needed, etc. The Preliminary Stage of Research Paper Writing Before you start your engineering research paper writing, it is worth to involve some tips which make the writing process more structured and, subsequently, easier to complete on time. Follow the schedule of how the research paper should be accomplished. The fundamental division of the work on research papers is based on the following 3 points: content of work; overall execution time; reporting of the execution. In successful researchers’ experience, six steps are essential to compose a paper in relation to this three-point principle: The selection of the thematic direction and coordination of the topic – 10% – fixing the topic of the research paper. The development of the task based on methods and means to realize the mission – 15% – printing statement of the task and receiving the teacher’s approval. The analysis of theoretical materials in the direction of research; study of the subject area – 10% – the design of the first and second sections of the research paper in electronic form; the registration of bibliography list in the electronic form. The elaboration of the conceptual and logical model of the software system – 35% – the implementation and specification of models; description of constructed diagrams. The development of the physical model and implementation of the software prototype – 15% – the development of a test case and electronic report on the user’s order of actions. The designation of an explanatory note – 15% – the printed explanatory note and finished software product on the portable data carrier. Essential Features of the Research Paper After getting an exact vision about the essence of engineering subject, you may turn to the next step – the choice of the research paper topic. For example, if the engineering field is applied to informational technologies, possible topics are as follows: Designing a Control System for the PC Operating Process; Creation of the Architecture for the Internet Forum; The Model of the Software Structure in the Internet Forum; Simulation of the Maintenance Station Software; Designing a Complex Training Program â€Å"Addressing in IP-Networks†, etc. The Initial Outline of Your Engineering Research Paper After the topic is approved and the pre-writing tips are considered, the next step is to complete the title page, a thesis statement, and the draft content plan or outline. All three may be alternated depending on the research process and appearance of the new facts. The next is the example of the structure of the research paper in computer engineering: Remarks That Apply Equally to Your Research Paper Writing The introduction is supposed to have the identification of the purpose, the task, the subject, the object, and the research methods (methodology). The purpose of the research paper is to study the peculiarities of modeling and analysis of the software complexes according to the definite theme of the research paper and via the CASE-technologies. Concerning the research paper tasks, they are as follows: The analysis of theoretical foundations in software modeling; The analysis and description of the usage requirements; The methods of functions and the system behavior modulating; The design of the object structure in the system; The physical modeling of the software systems; The coding out from the models. The subject of the study in the outline is the possibility to apply the CASE software design tools. The object of this research is the methods and means of designing the software and unification of the design process. During the process of working on the body paragraphs in the research paper, you can use the mono-graphic, analytical, mathematical, and graphical methods along with the object-oriented design and programming. All these are the research methods applicable to engineering science. Referring to the example of the outline, the following notes mark succinctly how the argument should flow in each paragraph and subparagraph: Subparagraph 1.1 contains a technical assignment for the graduation design. The oriented volume is up to three pages. Subparagraph 1.2 contains a comparative analysis of at least three software tools in the UML language (optional) + the tool to be implemented. Subparagraph 1.3 contains a description of the software requirements. The recommendation here is to build the chart with use cases. The requirements catalog and glossary are provided in the appendixes; the oriented volume is up to seven pages. Subparagraph 2.1 contains activity and status charts illustrating the behavior of the system and the sequence of the operations performed with the description. Subparagraph 2.2 contains component interaction charts, a collaboration diagram, and a sequence diagram for system usage options. Subparagraph 2.3 contains an object-oriented model of the software complex (class diagram) executed using the design patterns; the oriented volume is around seven pages. Subparagraph 3.1 contains the interaction of system components made using a component diagram; the oriented volume is equal to seven pages. Subparagraph 3.2 contains a description of the architectural structure of the system based on the deployment diagram; the oriented volume is also seven pages. Subparagraph 3.3 contains the order of code-generation software models and a description of the prototype system. The conclusion gives a brief list of the research results on the capabilities of the engineering project. The bibliography contains a list of all literary sources. The number of references should not be less than twenty-five. The appendixes list the requirements catalog, the glossary, generated code, the code of the implemented interface and other elements per the student’s â€Å"imagination.† When the works seem finished, there comes the time of checking all the grammar and structural relevance on the subject of their compliance with the professor’s demands. The Engineering Research Paper Writing Format Peculiarities Concerning the Additional Material It is worth to pay attention to some design features of the research paper: Paragraphs and sub-paragraphs should have the title in the form of heading. The text of the research paper is recommended to lead via an impersonal statement: â€Å"summing up the above,† â€Å"given in the work,† or â€Å"the research determines.† One has to adhere to a single terminology in the text of the research paper. The names of firms, factories, and organizations are not prohibited, but the individual marks should identify them. Formulas are arranged in the arabic numerals in the paragraphs. The formula number consists of the section number and the ordinal number of the formula in the section separated by a dot. The number is indicated on the right side of the letter at the formula level in the round brackets, for example: (3.15) (fifteenth formula of the third section). The values of the symbols and coefficients included in the formula are given under by the formula. After the formula, the data is written without a colon after it; after it – the symbols and numerical coefficients are decoded in the sequence in which they are given in the formula. All illustrations in the research paper (drawings, diagrams, graphs) are called charts. They should be numbered within the sections (for example Chart 1.5, Chart 2.3). Each drawing must have a semantic title, which is written under the figure and indicate its number. All tables are numbered within the section. The table number consists of the section number and the sequence number of the table, separated by a dot, for example; â€Å"Table 2.2† (second table of the second section). The serial number is utilized to cite the table in the Research Paper (for example, Table 2.2). The title â€Å"Continuation of Table 2.2† is typed to continue the table on the new page. If the extension takes more than one page, the subject header does not repeat; all parts of the broken table do not begin with the reprint of the header, but a line with the numbering that replaces the column names. The vertical columns are numbered only in cases where references are given to them in the text or when the table continues on the next page. The table maintains the balance of its parts: the left side should not occupy more than a third of its format, and the height of the title – more than a third of the table height. The units of measurements are indi cated in the headings. It is desirable to place all illustrative materials immediately after referencing them. The tables and graphics material should be located so that they can be read without turning the sheet. If such an arrangement is not possible, the charts and illustrations are designed so that its reading would demand to set the sheet clockwise. Appendices appear after the last page with bibliography. When it is completed, you need to put a blank sheet of the paper and write â€Å"appendices† in the middle. There are no restrictions for the pages number here. You can specify both each of the available applications in the text with the respective pages. Appendices are indicated by the capital letters in alphabetical order. If necessary, the application can be split into sections. In this case, the section number of the application consists of the letter and the current section number separated by a dot. The appendix should have a generic title from uppercase letters symmetrically regarding the text of the page. On the right part above the headline, aligned in the middle of the lower case, the first capital letter must be written with the word â€Å"Appendix _† and the capital letter denoting the application. Attachments are a standard part of the work. All the illustrations, tables, and formulas available in the text of the application should be numbered within each application. For example, Figure A.1, Table B.2, Formula D.3. If the work contains the application documents (originals or their copies), which have independent values and are executed following the requirements of the report of the given type, then they are used in their work as examples. Write: â€Å"Appendix _† on the first page of the document with the shift to the right (if there is a place) and on the second line – its name. If there is no place, then a blank sheet of paper is placed in front of the application, where the number and the name of the application are written in the middle of the sheet. The pages of the document are indicated through the numbering. The number is placed in the lower right corner without a dot at the end. The in-text references to literary sources are given in parentheses or as footnotes, depending on the type of quotation – MLA, APA, Chicago Turabian, or Harvard. The parentheses or footnotes assist in identifying the source, given in the literature rubric. All references are listed in Bibliography. It is recommended to organize it either in an alphabetical order or the one mentioned in the text. These could range from the articles in scientific journals to the dissertations of other researchers and books on the subject. It is beneficial to choose books that contain some investigations, for instance, the works of: Lazar, Feng, and Hochheiser â€Å"Research methods in human-computer interaction† (2017); Reddy, Sridhar, and Rangadu â€Å"Knowledge based engineering: notion, approaches and future trends† (2015); Popovic, M., Mohiuddin, M., Tomozei, D. C., Le Boudec, J. Y. â€Å" The parallel redundancy protocol for IP networks: Protocol design and operation† (2016). Our Experts On the Final Lap of Engineering Research Paper Writing Congratulations! Now there is no doubt that you are ready to start this extraordinary journey – writing the engineering research paper. As a bonus, here you have some useful tips which prove the benefits of writing the research paper from the engineering subject: The systematization and consolidation of theoretical and practical professional knowledge, revealing the student’s ability to apply this knowledge in solving specific scientific, technical, economic, and production problems; Checking the student’s ability to independently master the use of the modern information technologies, software, and hardware of the computer technologies; The development of the student’s skills in conducting independent research and practical search, mastering the methodology of research and experimentation in solving problems and issues posed for course design; Consolidating the knowledge and skills of performing the graphics works and other design documents through the requirements and rules established by the official standards.

Watergate Scandal Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Watergate Scandal - Research Paper Example Five other men plead guilty, but mysteries remain. April 30 - Nixon's top White House staffers, H.R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman, and Attorney General Richard Kleindienst resign over the scandal. White House counsel John Dean is fired. May 18 - The Senate Watergate Committee begins its nationally televised hearings. Attorney General-designate Elliot Richardson taps former solicitor general Archibald Cox as the Justice Department's special prosecutor for Watergate. June 3 - John Dean has told Watergate investigators that he discussed the Watergate cover-up with President Nixon at least 35 times, The Post reports. June 13 - Watergate prosecutors find a memo addressed to John Ehrlichman describing in detail the plans to burglarize the office of Pentagon Papers defendant Daniel Ellsberg's psychiatrist, The Post reports. July 13 - Alexander Butterfield, former presidential appointments secretary, reveals in congressional testimony that since 1971 Nixon had recorded all conversations and telephone calls in his offices. July 18 - Nixon reportedly orders the White House taping system disconnected. July 23 - Nixon refuses to turn over the presidential tape recordings to the Senate Watergate Committee or the special prosecutor. October 20 - Saturday Night Massacre: Nixon fires Archibald Cox and abolishes the office of the special prosecutor. Attorney General Richardson and Deputy Attorney General William D. Ruckelshaus resign. Pressure for impeachment mounts in Congress. November 17 - Nixon declares, "I'm not a crook," maintaining his innocence in the Watergate case. December 7 - The White House can't explain an 18 ?-minute gap in one of the subpoenaed tapes. Chief of Staff Alexander Haig says one theory is that "some sinister force" erased the segment....In the cold war era of the United States and Russia, and the war raging on in Vietnam, Nixon felt a need to increase the funding for domestic intelligence gathering. On July 23, 1970, he approves the expanded plans per taining to this action but decides to cancel the plans a few days later. This move on Nixon's part starts a snowballing of events that spin out for control the next year. The president seemed to have been developing a growing distrust of the the people around him so much so that he no longer trusted anyone within his own political party and the opposition party as well. There was never any given psychological explanation for his actions and to this very day, the reasons for his actions at Watergate remain somewhat muddled although most experts tend to believe that the event was closely tied into his re-election campaign and black mail gathering moves. These politically motivated actions have led to the term Watergate as having to refer to political burglary, bribery, extortion, phone tapping,

Achieving Community Awareness and Commitment Coursework

Achieving Community Awareness and Commitment - Coursework Example In this regard, the leaders are required to increase efficiency along with quality of different sustainable community activities (Bagin et al., 2012). Based on the current policy statements and communication formats, the proposed coursework tends to focus on discussing about the operationalized practices of the educational system of Rome City School District (RCSD), New York based on two major parts. The first part of the discussion incorporates the provisions of providing report card information of the school to a heterogeneous group of community members. In this regard, the discussion analyses the report card information by considering major areas of the school and possible questions that might be occurred relating to the current report cards and communication formats of the institution. The second part of the proposed coursework identifies and evaluates activities to be performed in the assessment that can help RCSD to accomplish its marketing and promotional goals of different academic courses successfully. According to the communication formats of the current educational system in the US, there are a number of guiding principles and policies duly accepted by the regulatory departments in order to increase efficiency of the reporting functions. In this regard, the report card information format of RCSD includes a clear structure of presenting the current educational procedures of the schools with adequate standards, which can be interpreted easily by a heterogeneous group of the community members (Bagin et al., 2012). In order to assess critically the key areas in the current report card information format of the institution, the following three key areas are considered that can differentiate the roles and significance of the RCSD to communicate to the existing community members efficiently. According to an in-depth understanding of the current report card format, compliance with the standards can be considered as a major key aspect that enable RCSD to